Leak tracing and detection
UV Fluorescent Colored Tracers
UV Fluorescent Clear Tracers
Food Tracers for Water
Tracers for Oils and Fuels
Non-fluorescent color tracers
Equipment for Tracing and Diagnostics
UV Lamp Kits
Dosing accessories and equipment
Complete Air Conditioning Tracing Kits
Complete Oil and Fuel Tracing Kits
Complete Water Tracing Kits
Smoke Generators
Inflatable Pipe Plugs
Detection needles
Tracing in Natural Environments
Fluorimeters and Data Loggers
Fluorescent Tracers for Maritime Safety
Powder Tracers
Concentrated Liquid Tracers
Tracing in Industrial Environments
Oil and Fuel Tracers
Colorants and Markers
Fluorescent UV Markers
Powder Contrast for Industrial Filtration
Tracers for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems
Contamination Simulation
Tracers for Dry Contamination Simulations
Tracers for Wet Contamination Simulations
Contamination Simulation Kit
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High-performance tracing dyes, powder or liquid, for water networks, sanitation and field diagnostics.
Powerful fluorescent tracers, visible under UV, for precise inspections and quality control.
Ultra-fine fluorescent powders for contamination simulation, air or dust flow tracking.
Essential tools for accurate leak detection.
For leak detection in drainage systems and drinking water pipes.
For the isolation and repair of pipelines.
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Single or Multi-Tracing? Multi-tracing involves simultaneously injecting different tracers at multiple injection points. It allows answering several questions at once, reducing costs, and saving considerable time. However, it requires a judicious choice of tracers, sufficiently conservative in the context, and without analytical interference between them.
In practice, the quantity is estimated by experts, considering the hydrogeological context. Between empiricism, intuition, and experience, two determining factors must be considered: the dilution the tracer should undergo, often approximated by distance, and the analytical performance of the tracer, as well as monitoring methods.
Note
Tracing cannot provide information on the entire hydrological or hydrogeological system. Results only relate to the tested part. To extrapolate to another part of the aquifer, the homogeneity of the environment must be certain.
Good practices involve providing prior information about the tracing operation to authorities (DDT, gendarmerie, etc.) and residents (town hall). This helps avoid concerns and alerts related to water coloration, in the case of fluorescent or colored tracers. Before any injection, it is necessary to take control water samples, and if the protocol includes the use of activated carbon detectors, it is also necessary to plan the immersion of "control" fluocaptors at an appropriate frequency. For reconnaissance tracing, performing it during high water periods generally provides more favorable conditions, due to faster flows, preferably targeting a recession period. It is recommended to carry out simulation tracing under contrasting hydrological conditions (low and high water), as the results obtained can fluctuate widely.
• Type of water point(s) monitored: spring, catchment, borehole, river, etc.• Possibilities for equipment installation: available space, safety, electrical supply, access, etc.• Available budget.
The most reliable monitoring and analysis method is water sampling with laboratory analysis. Laboratory equipment now allows the detection of substances in very low concentrations. For fluorescent tracers, laboratory spectrofluorimeters (direct fluorescence measurement) can achieve very low detection limits, on the order of 0.001 µg/L for uranine. Spectral analysis performed by a spectrofluorimeter is an essential diagnostic tool for detecting and interpreting tracing, especially as injection quantities are increasingly reduced to remain below the visibility threshold at restitution points.
The results of a tracing are illustrated by the tracer restitution curve, showing the evolution of concentrations over time at the restitution point. Mastery of flows at the restitution point allows calculating a restitution balance (restituted mass and restitution percentage), and the Residence Time Distribution (RTD), which describes the transit of the tracer in the tracing system. The RTD corresponds to the probability density function that gives the probability that a tracer molecule will reside in the system. It is indeed the distribution curve of the tracer cloud. When the injection can be assimilated to a "Dirac" impulse (i.e., a brief injection), the RTD gives the impulse response of the tracing system for the hydrological conditions in which it finds itself at the time of tracing (Lepiller M. & Mondain P-H, 1986). From the RTD, a number of parameters describing the transit of the tracer can be calculated, such as the mean residence time and the apparent velocity. The interpretation of results differs depending on the objective. For reconnaissance tracing, the main objective is to accurately confirm the belonging of an injection point to the karst system's impluvium. For quantitative tracing (simulation), it is important to precisely describe the transit modalities of the tracer, as well as the hydrodispersive parameters for tracing in porous media. Analytical tools exist to assist in estimating parameters. The TRAC software, in "Interpretation" mode for tracing, allows interpreting a tracing using different analytical solutions by adjusting the parameters of the solution and comparing them with observation data.
NOTE
Instrumental detection thresholds should not be confused with real detection limits, which are highly dependent on the background noise level in natural waters and vary depending on the tracer.
Finally, at the end of the tracing operation and the interpretation of results, the operator is invited to enter the information into the BD Traçages data entry application. This is the national database dedicated to the banking of tracing data. (See the article dedicated to declaration and data banking)